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| 1: |
| Author(s):
|
Scheld, H W; Baky, A; Boyd, J F;
Eichler, V B; Fuller, P M; Hoffman, R B; Keefe, J R;
Kuchnow, K P; Oppenheimer, J M; Salinas, G A; Von
Baumgarten, R J |
| NASA
Affiliation: |
Baylor College of Medicine,
USA. |
| Title(s):
|
Killifish hatching and
orientation : experiment MA-161 / H.W. Scheld ... [et
al.]. |
| In: |
NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space
Center. Apollo-Soyuz Test Project : summary science report :
volume 1. |
| Publisher:
|
Washington, D.C. : National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1977. |
| Series:
|
NASA SP ; 412
|
| Description:
|
p. 281-305 : ill. |
| Language:
|
English |
| Summary:
|
In the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
Killifish Hatching and Orientation Experiment, the killifish
Fundulus heteroclitus was used as a model system for the
study of embryonic development and vestibular adaptation in
orbital flight. The experiment package consisted of two
parts: a series of staged embryos in five individual
compartments of a polyethylene bag and a series of
preconditioned juvenile fish in a similar bag. Embryos at
32, 66, 128, 216, and 336 hours after fertilization at the
time of launch were chosen to represent key stages of
development; development preflight occurred at a constant
temperature of 295 K (22°C). Juvenile fish were reared from
hatching for 21 days in specific visual environments.
Experiment packages were mounted on the docking module wall
and photographed periodically during the mission to record
the swimming activity of the fish and the condition of the
eggs. At splashdown, vestibular sensitivity of the juvenile
fish and of hatchlings from the eggs was tested in a
rotating, striped drum. Subsequently, additional vestibular
orientation tests during parabolic-trajectory flight,
light-orientation tests, and geotaxis tests were performed.
Samples of juveniles and hatchlings/embryos were fixed for
microscopic examination at splashdown and at selected times
thereafter. Testing for assessment of normalcy of vestibular
function is continuing as the fish mature. Juvenile fish in
a null-gravity environment exhibited looping swimming
activity similar to that observed during the Skylab 3
mission. Hatchlings from the 336-hour egg stage also were
reported to have looped. At splashdown, both juveniles and
hatchlings exhibited a typical diving response suggesting
relatively normal vestibular function. The juveniles
exhibited swimming patterns indicative of abnormal swim
bladders. Rotating-drum tests confirmed that no radical
changes in vestibular function had occurred; subsequent
tests in maturing fish (6 to 8 months) suggest subtle
changes in the geotactic response of the 32-hour flight fish
and increased sensitization to environmental influences in
32-, 66-, and 128-hour flight fish as compared to controls.
Extensive examination by light and electron microscopy of
66-hour through 336-hour groups has revealed no significant
differences between flight and control animals in the
embryological development of the central nervous system, the
peripheral vestibular apparatus, the eye, or the
cardiovascular system. The 32-hour group is still being
investigated.
|
| MeSH:
|
Adaptation,
Physiological
Animals
Conditioning,
Classical
Embryo,
Nonmammalian
Killifishes/embryology*
Killifishes/growth
& development
Light
Microscopy, Electron
Motor
Activity
Orientation/physiology*
Otolithic
Membrane
Space
Flight*
Swimming*
Vestibule/ultrastructure*
Weightlessness*
|
| Publication
Type(s): |
Government
Publications
Technical Report
|
| Space Flight
Mission: |
Apollo-Soyuz Project
Flight
Experiment
Manned
Short duration
|
| Notes:
|
Includes bibliographical
references.
13 ref.
|
| Report
Number: |
NASA 00026244
|
| NLM ID:
|
101088114 [Book
Chapter]
| |
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