Oct. 10     Mid-Term EXAM

Oct. 17    Mutation, Polymorphism and DNA Repair

Classification of Mutations

 

Oct. 24     Pathogenic Mutations

Pathogenic Potential of Repeated Sequences

 

Cancer Resource- http://cancer.med.upenn.edu

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man- OMIM online database for genetic diseases- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim

Week 10-11   Mapping the Human Genomes    pp. 241-282

Oct.31      Physical Mapping

Low Resolution Physical Mapping

High Resolution Mapping

Nov. 07    3rd assignment due

Genetic Mapping of Medelian Characters

Week 12-14       Human Genome Project     pp.295-314

Nov. 14     Construction of DNA Maps

The Human Genome Project

Gene Identification

Nov. 21     Strategies for Gene Therapy        pp.515-543

Nov. 28     No class,    Thanksgiving Holiday

Week 15      Dec. 5      Review

Week 16     Dec. 12    Final EXAM

Send message to Dr Lin's Mail Box

Discussion Forum, OPEN  (Public)  MESSAGE BOARD

Comment ;    Feedback

Back to Table of Content

 

Links and Assignments

	Dr. Lin's Biology Links (framed version)
	Dr. Lin's Biology Links (unframed version)
	DNA Tools
	Genetics Links
	Molecular Biology Concepts
	Genetics Assignments
	Human Genome Project Links
	Genetics in the News

Primer on Molecular Genetics- http://ww.gdb.org/Dan/DOE/intro.html

National Library of Medicine-http://www.nlm.nih.gov

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man- OMIM online database for genetic diseases- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim

	Cloning- http://www.roslin.ac.uk/public/cloning.html
	Cloning News: http://www.nap.edu/issues/14.3/cookdg.htm National Academies on Cloning, NIH search on Cloning    http://powayusd.sdcoe.k12.ca.us/dolly/main.htm

National Center for Biotechnology Information www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

	Create automated systems for storing and analyzing knowledge about molecular biology, biochemistry, and genetics;
	Perform research into advanced methods of computer-based information processing for analyzing the structure and function of biologically important molecules;
	Facilitate the use of databases and software by biotechnology researchers and medical personnel; and
	Coordinate efforts to gather biotechnology information worldwide.

NIH

 

 

  http://www.nhgri.nih.gov/Data/

Genomic and Genetic Resources on the World Wide Web

 

Back to Table of Contents

 

Medline Search: Internet Grateful Med-http://igm.nlm.nih.gov

Internet Grateful Med (IGM) is a World Wide Web application running on a gateway system at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). Internet Grateful Med is most often used to search in MEDLINE -- more than nine million citations to the biomedical literature of the world, from 1966 to the present. IGM provides assisted searching in MEDLINE (including PREMEDLINE) and 14 other databases: AIDSLINE, AIDSDRUGS, AIDSTRIALS, DIRLINE, HealthSTAR, HSRPROJ, HISTLINE, OLDMEDLINE, SDILINE, SPACELINE, BIOETHICSLINE, POPLINE, TOXLINE and ChemID. A brief description of each database is available from the IGM introductory screen. Internet Grateful Med User's Guide http://igm-01.nlm.nih.gov/splash/IGM.survival.guide.html#intro

 

PubMed NLM's search service to access the 9 million citations in MEDLINE and Pre-MEDLINE (with links to participating on-line journals), and other related databases.

   http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed/

 

National Library of Medicine-http://www.nlm.nih.gov

 

 

Back to Table of Contents

 

 

THE QUEST for an understanding of how genetic factors contribute to human disease is gathering speed. Forty years ago, the structure of DNA had just been solved and the precise number of human chromosomes was still under debate. The association between Trisomy 21 and Down's syndrome was on the eve of discovery and a state-of-the-art computer weighed in at 30 tons, covering about 1000 square feet of floor space.
   We now know that there are 46 human chromosomes, which between them house 3000 million base pairs of DNA and encode about 60,000 to 80,000 proteins. These coding regions make up only about 2% of the genome (the function of the remaining 98% is unknown) and some chromosomes have a higher density of genes than others.

A great deal of effort over the past ten years has been put into creating a physical map of the human genome - ordering genes within the genome by placing landmarks to navigate by. As well as providing an excellent framework for the complete sequencing of the human genome, the physical map has assisted directly in identifying about 100 disease-causing genes.
   ONE OF THE most difficult challenges ahead is to find genes involved in diseases that have a complex pattern of inheritance, such as those that contribute to diabetes, asthma, cancer and mental illness. In all these cases, no one gene has the yes/no power to say whether a person has a disease or not. It is likely that more than one mutation is required before the disease is manifest. A number of genes may each make a subtle contribution to a person's susceptibility to a disease; genes may also affect how a person reacts to environmental factors. Unravelling these networks of events will undoubtedly be a challenge for some time to come.
   Fifty years on, the sequence of the human genome and the fruits it will bear will undoubtedly make a significant contribution to improving the diagnosis and treatment of disease.

NCBI  GENES AND DISEASE  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disease/

 

Back to Table of Content

http://genomeathome.stanford.edu/

Project goal: understanding genomes

The Human Genome Project is nearing completion, and scientists are working hard to develop the understanding needed to use this wealth of genetic information in ways that will be significant to medicine and humankind. One of the most important ways to do this is to study the other genomes and individual gene sequences that are already available to us. By understanding how these genomes work, we will be able to put the huge amounts of data (over 50, 000 genes and 3 billion nucleotide base pairs) from the Human Genome Project into biological and medical context, giving it real meaning.

Proteins, the molecular products encoded by genomes, are the functional units of all cellular machinery. Our partner project, Folding@home, is striving to understand how existing proteins attain their specific, functional three-dimensional structures. The goal of Genome@home is to design new genes that can form working proteins in the cell. Genome@home uses a computer algorithm (SPA), based on the physical and biochemical rules by which genes and proteins behave, to design new proteins (and hence new genes) that have not been found in nature. By comparing these "virtual genomes" to those found in nature, we can gain a much better understanding of how natural genomes have evolved and how natural genes and proteins work. Some important applications of the Genome@home virtual genome protein design database:

	engineering new proteins for medical therapy
	designing new pharmaceuticals
	assigning functions to the dozens of new genes being sequenced every day
	understanding protein evolution

As you can probably guess by now, designing just one new gene sequence is already computationally demanding. To design hundreds of new sequences for hundreds of proteins, literally thousands of computers are needed

(See Scientific background for more details about genomes, proteins, how proteins and genes are related).

Assignments:

Interactive Learning Activities:

Investigating a Neurological Condition

The Genes of HIV

Cell to Cell and Person to Person: Investigating AIDS and HIV Part I: The Discovery and Epidemiology of AIDS Part II: Investigating HIV so as to Devise AIDS Therapies http://www.biology.com/learning/hiv2/introduction.html